CDC Carter

Barley

Variety Description

Varieties used for comparison: 'CDC Freedom' and 'CDC McGwire'

Summary: 'CDC Carter' has a medium to strong intensity of anthocyanin colouration of the flag leaf auricles while it is strong in 'CDC Freedom'. The spike emergence of 'CDC Carter' tends to be later than 'CDC Freedom'. 'CDC Carter' has a strong to very strong intensity of anthocyanin colouration of the tips of the lemma awns while it is medium in 'CDC Freedom'. The lemma awns of 'CDC Carter' are rough whereas those in of 'CDC Freedom' are semi-smooth. The anthocyanin colouration of the nerves of the lemma of the kernel in 'CDC Carter' is strong while it is very weak to weak in 'CDC Freedom'. 'CDC Carter' has a shorter spike than 'CDC Freedom'. The spiculation of the inner lateral nerves of the dorsal side of the lemma of the kernel of 'CDC Carter' is very weak to weak while it is medium in 'CDC Freedom'. 'CDC Carter' has better resistance to the smuts, in particular True Loose Smut, than 'CDC McGwire' and 'CDC Freedom'.

Description:

PLANT: two row, spring hull-less feed barley, erect to semi-erect juvenile growth habit, very sparse to sparse pubescence on the sheaths of the lower leaves

FLAG LEAF: medium to high frequency of plants with recurved flag leafs, sparse to medium pubescence on blade,
FLAG LEAF SHEATH: strong glaucosity, sparse pubescence
AURICLES: medium to strong anthocyanin colouration, very sparse to sparse pubescence on the margins

SPIKE: mid-season to late spike emergence, v-shaped to platform shaped collar, strong to very strong anthocyanin colouration of the tips of the lemma awns, semi-erect attitude, medium to strong glaucosity, parallel shape, medium to dense density, mainly parallel to weakly divergent attitude of sterile spikelet, the length of the glume and its awn of the median spikelet is equal relative to the grain
FIRST SEGMENT OF RACHIS: medium length, weak to medium curvature
LEMMA AWNS: longer relative to the spike, rough spiculations from the tip to next to the kernel

KERNEL: strong anthocyanin colouration of nerves of the lemma at beginning of ripening, whitish aleurone layer, husk absent, long rachilla hair, very weak to weak spiculation of inner lateral nerves of dorsal side of lemma, no hairiness on ventral furrow, clasping disposition of lodicules, transverse crease to incomplete horseshoe shape of basal markings, medium to long length, medium to wide width

DISEASE REACTION: very susceptible to Common Root Rot (Cochliobolus sativus, Fusarium spp.) and Septoria Speckled Leaf Blotch (Septoria passerinii), susceptible to Scald (Rhynchosporium secalis), moderately susceptible to Spot Blotch (Cochliobolus sativus) and Stem Rust (Puccinia graminis), moderately resistant to moderately susceptible to Net Blotch (Pyrenophora teres) and Fusarium Head Blight (Fusarium graminearum; perfect state Gibberella zeae), resistant to False Loose Smut, Black Semi-Loose Smut (Ustilago nigra), Covered Smut (Ustilago hordei) and True Loose Smut (Ustilago nuda)

AGRONOMY: fair to good resistance to lodging, good resistance to shattering, good tolerance to straw breakage, fair to good tolerance to drought

Origin & Breeding History: 'CDC Carter' (experimental designations HB390 and SH041245) was developed by the barley breeding program at the Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. It arose from the cross (Q21861 x 'CDC McGwire') x (TR251 x 'CDC McGwire') conducted under glass during the summer of 2001 in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan with three subsequent backcrosses to 'CDC McGwire' made in 2002. The BC3F1 thru BC3F3 generations were developed using a pedigree breeding scenario with each generation of single plants grown under glass in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan with selection for resistance to both True Loose Smut and Covered Smut performed using molecular marker assisted selection (MMAS). The BC3F4 selected material was then increased in the field in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan and subjected to field smut screening. Harvested material was sent for increase to the winter nursery in New Zealand over the winter of 2004/2005. 'CDC Carter' was grown and selected as a single BC3F1 derived BC3F5 plot. Seed from that plot was bulked as the line SH041245 and was tested in the University of Saskatchewan yield trials in 2005. It was further tested as HB390 in the Western Canadian Hulless Barley Cooperative Registration trials during the summers of 2006 and 2007. Selection criteria included high yield potential, good kernel physical qualities, ease of threshing and disease resistance in particular resistance to True Loose smut and surface borne smuts.

Tests & Trials: Tests and trials were conducted during the summers of 2008 and 2009 at the University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. Plots consisted of 5 rows with a row spacing of 0.2 meters and a row length of 3.66 meters. There were 2 replicates arranged in a RCB Design. Measured characteristics were based on a minimum of 20 measurements per variety per year.

Comparison table for 'CDC Carter' with reference varieties 'CDC Freedom' and 'CDC McGwire'

Spike length (excluding awns) (cm)

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Barley: 'CDC Carter' (centre) with reference varieties 'CDC McGwire' (left) and 'CDC Freedom' (right)

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Barley: 'CDC Carter' (centre) with reference varieties 'CDC Freedom' (left) and 'CDC McGwire' (right)