Kalio

Oat

Variety Description

Varieties used for comparison: 'Domingo', 'Kara' and 'Triactor'

Summary: At the 5 to 9 tiller stage, the juvenile growth habit of 'Kalio' is semi-erect whereas the juvenile growth habit of 'Kara' is erect. At booting, the leaf of 'Kalio' is medium green whereas that of 'Domingo' is yellow green and those of 'Kara' and 'Triactor' are dark green. The frequency of plants with recurved flag leaves of 'Kalio' is low to medium whereas it is high to very high for 'Domingo' and absent or very low to low for 'Kara'. The flag leaf of 'Kalio' is shorter than that of 'Domingo' and narrower than that of 'Kara'. At the green stage, the panicle orientation of 'Kalio' is intermediate whereas it is equilateral for 'Domingo'. The panicle density of 'Kalio' is lax whereas it is of medium density for the reference varieties. The glaucosity on the glume of 'Kalio' is weak whereas it is strong for 'Kara' and medium for 'Triactor'. The tendency of the lemmas to be awned on 'Kalio' is absent to very weak to weak whereas the tendency to be awned is weak to medium on 'Kara' and strong on 'Triactor'.

Description:

PLANT: spring hulled type, semi-erect juvenile growth habit at 5 to 9 tiller stage, low to medium frequency of plants with recurved flag leaves at booting

STEM: absent to very sparse pubescence above and below the upper culm node

LOWER LEAF: absent to very sparse pubescence on sheath and blade
LEAF: medium green at booting, absent or very sparse pubescence of margin of leaf below flag leaf, weak to medium glaucosity

PANICLE: intermediate orientation, lax density, semi-erect attitude of branches
GLUME: weak glaucosity
RACHILLA: short to medium length between primary and secondary floret, absent or very sparse to sparse pubescence
LEMMA: weak glaucosity, small to medium extent of lateral overlap on palea, white at maturity, absent or very sparse pubescence on lateral and dorsal surface, absent or very weak to weak tendency to be awned

Origin & Breeding History: 'Kalio' (experimental designation C3M16082) was developed using the pedigree breeding method by Lantmännen SW Seed AB in Svalöv, Sweden. The original cross between proprietary lines took place in 2009. The variety originates from a single plant selection in the F4 generation with subsequent selections in the F5 to F8 generations. Breeder seed was established at the F7 generation. Selection criteria were based on yield, agronomic characteristics, grain quality and resistance to foliar diseases.

Tests & Trials: The comparative trials for 'Kalio' were conducted at the La Coop Fédérée Research Farm in Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec in 2019 and 2021. There were 4 replicates arranged in a RCB design. In 2019, the size of the plots were 6 square metres and consisted of seven 5 m long rows spaced 0.18 m apart. In 2021, the size of the plots were 5 square metres and consisted of seven 4.5 m long rows spaced 0.18 m apart. The seeding density was 375 seeds per metre squared resulting in a minimum of 6750 plants per variety per year. The measured characteristics were based on a minimum of 20 measurements. The mean differences were significant at the 5% probability level based on a Tukey test.

Comparison tables for 'Kalio' with reference varieties 'Domingo', 'Kara' and 'Triactor'

Flag leaf width (mm)

Flag leaf length (cm)

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Oat: 'Kalio' (left) with reference varieties 'Kara' (centre left), 'Domingo' (centre right) and 'Triactor' (right)

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Oat: 'Kalio' (bottom left) with reference varieties 'Kara' (top left), 'Domingo' (top right) and 'Triactor' (bottom right)