343CMS

Triticale

Variety Description

Varieties used for comparison: '641512175' and 'AAC Delight'

Summary: The plants of '343CMS' are an alternative type while the plants of 'AAC Delight' are spring type. The plants of '343CMS' head earlier than the plants of '641512175'. At full stem extension, the plants of '343CMS' are shorter than the plants of the reference varieties. The spike of '343CMS' is fully awned while that of '641512175' is awnless and that of 'AAC Delight' is half awned. Excluding the awns, the spike of '343CMS' is shorter than that of '641512175'. The first beak on the lower glume of '343CMS' is long to very long while the first beak on the lower glume of '641512175' is medium to long and that of 'AAC Delight' is short to medium. The lower glume of '343CMS' has hairs present on the external surface while hairs are absent on the lower glume of 'AAC Delight'. The kernel of '343CMS' is purple while the kernel of '641512175' is amber and that of 'AAC Delight' is red. The kernel of '343CMS' has very dark colouration with phenol while the kernel of '641512175' has medium colouration with phenol and that of 'AAC Delight' has none or very light to light colouration with phenol.

Description:

PLANT: hexaploid, alternative type, erect growth habit at tillering, medium to high frequency of plants with recurved flag leaves at booting, heads early in the season
COLEOPTILE: weak intensity of anthocyanin colouration

FLAG LEAF: absent or very weak intensity anthocyanin colouration on auricles, strong glaucosity of sheath

CULM: slightly to moderately curved neck, dense to very dense pubescence
STRAW (STEM): thick to very thick pith in cross-section

SPIKE: absent or very weak to weak glaucosity, fully awned, white at maturity, dense, narrow in profile
ANTHERS: absent or very weak to weak intensity of anthocyanin colouration
AWNS: absent or very weak to weak intensity of anthocyanin colouration, short length above tip of spike
LOWER GLUME: long to very long first beak, absent or very small second beak, hairs present on external surface

KERNEL: purple, medium to large, medium to long, medium width, elliptical shape, very dark colouration with phenol

Origin & Breeding History: '343CMS' originated from a cross conducted in the Resource Seeds International Triticale Breeding Program in Florida, USA in 2006. An initial cross between 'FL9810' and 'FL00005' resulted in a selection of 25 plants designated as FL05117-F4-1H which were then crossed with the cytoplasmic sterile (CMS) line M17. From this cross, two mostly sterile, F1 lines were selected, and five plants from each of the 2 lines were backcrossed to CMS line M17. One of the resulting lines showed low fertility and 5 plants were selected and again backcrossed to CMS line M17. This second backcross resulted in one completely sterile plant which was designated as 344. Eight additional backcrosses to CMS line M17 resulted in the cytoplasmic sterile line designated '343CMS'. Breeder seed was bulked at the BC8 generation in 2014.

Tests & Trials: The comparative trial for '343CMS' was conducted during the 2021 growing season at Ag-Quest in Taber, Alberta. The trial was arranged in a RCB design with 2 replicates. Each plot consisted of 6 rows with a row length of 6 metres and 0.2 metre inter-row spacing. The seeding density was approximately 320 grains per squared metre resulting in approximately 3945 plants per variety. Measured characteristics were based on 20 measurements per variety. Mean differences were significant at the 5% probability level based on a paired Student's t-test. Results were supported by the official technical examination report 201900255, purchased from the Plant Variety Protection Office in Washington, District of Columbia, USA.

Comparison tables for '343CMS' with reference varieties '641512175' and 'AAC Delight'

Days to heading (50% of heads fully emerged from boot)

Plant height (at full stem extension; including awns) (cm)

Spike length (excluding awns) (cm)

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Triticale: '343CMS' (bottom right) with reference varieties '641512175' (top right) and 'AAC Delight' (top left)

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Triticale: '343CMS' (top left) with reference varieties '641512175' (top right) and 'AAC Delight' (bottom left)