25W31

Wheat

Variety Description

Varieties used for comparison: '25W41', '25R47' and '25R51'

Summary: The intensity of anthocyanin colouration on the coleoptile of '25W31' is absent or very weak whereas it is medium on '25R47'. The frequency of plants with recurved flag leaves is medium on '25W31' whereas it is strong on '25R47'. The glaucosity of the flag leaf sheath of '25W31' is weak whereas it is medium on '25W41'. The beak of the lower glume of '25W31' is long whereas it is short to medium length on '25W41' and very short on '25R47'. The kernel colour of '25W31' is white whereas it is medium to dark red on '25R47' and '25R51'. The colouration with phenol of the kernel of '25W31' is dark whereas it is medium on '25W41' and light on '25R47'.

Description:

PLANT: soft white winter type, semi-erect growth habit at the 5 to 9 tiller stage, heads emerge mid-season, matures mid-season

SEEDLING: absent or very weak intensity of anthocyanin colouration of coleoptile, glabrous lower leaf sheaths and blades

FLAG LEAF: medium frequency of plants with recurved/drooping flag leaves, absent or very weak anthocyanin colouration of auricles, weak glaucosity of sheath, glabrous blade and sheath

CULM NECK: weak glaucosity, straight
STRAW: thin pith in cross section, no anthocyanin colouration at maturity
SPIKE: very weak glaucosity, tapering shape in profile, medium density, white at maturity, erect to incline attitude, medium density of hairiness of convex surface of apical rachis segment
AWNS: awns shorter than the length of spike, light brown
LOWER GLUME: medium length, narrow to medium width, glabrous, sparse extent of internal hair
LOWER GLUME SHOULDER: narrow to medium width, sloping to slightly sloping
LOWER GLUME BEAK: long, slightly curved
LOWEST LEMMA: straight to slightly curved beak shape

KERNEL: white, small to medium size, medium length and width, oval shape, rounded cheek, short to medium length brush hairs, narrow and shallow depth of crease, dark colouration with phenol
GERM: medium size, oval to round shape

AGRONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS: poor to fair resistance to pre-harvest sprouting
QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS: fair pastry and biscuit making quality
INSECT REACTION: resistant to Hessian Fly (Mayetiola destructor) Biotype E
DISEASE REACTION: moderately resistant to moderately susceptible to Septoria tritici blotch (Septoria tritici), moderately susceptible to Powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici) and Stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis), moderately resistant to Fusarium head blight (Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium species), resistant to moderately resistant to Leaf rust (Puccinia triticina)

Origin & Breeding History: '25W31' (experimental designations W020801A2, YW11H, XW11H) is a soft white winter wheat variety developed by Pioneer Hi-Bred International Inc., using a modified pedigree selection breeding method. The final cross, W940446G1A/25W41//25R35 occurred in 2001 in Windfall, Indiana, USA and was designated W020801. In 2002, the F1 generation was grown in a transplant nursery at Windfall, Indiana. In 2002-2003, the F2 bulk population was grown in Chatham, Ontario where random heads were selected in bulk and advanced to the next generation. In 2003-2004, the F3 was grown as a bulk population and individual spikes were selected and threshed. Headrows from the F3 selections were grown in Windfall, Indiana where individual rows were selected, harvested and threshed individually. The F5 was grown in plots in Windfall and Princeton, Indiana and Chatham, Ontario. Spikes were harvested and selected from the Windfall plot and threshed individually. In 2006-2007, 20 headrows of the F5 selection were grown in Windfall and Princeton, Indiana where rows were selected from the Princeton, Indiana location and were cut and threshed individually. Preliminary yield testing began in 2007-2008 of an F5 selection of an F6 headrow and was designated W020801A2. Yield testing continued through the F13 generation in 2012-2013. Selection criteria included any and all of the following characteristics in the field: disease resistance, plant type, plant height, head type, straw strength, maturity, grain yield, test weight and milling and baking characteristics.

Tests & Trials: Test and trials were conducted in Caledon, Ontario during the 2012 and 2013 growing seasons. Plots consisted of 6 rows with a row length of 6 metres and a row spacing of 30 cm. There were 3 replicates arranged in an RCB design. Measured characteristics are based on 24 measurements per variety per year.

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Wheat: '25W31' (far left) with reference varieties '25W41' (centre left), '25R47' (centre right) and '25R51' (far right)